Solar Trek • April 22, 2025

Understanding the Components of a Solar Panel System

While solar panels are an exciting prospect for Florida homeowners and business owners, the equipment itself may look strange and unfamiliar. It can be intimidating trying to understand the process of solar panel installation without knowing the key components. 


To better understand the installation process, we’ve identified the components that make up a solar panel system. We’ll identify their function, their individual components, where they are typically located once installed and the materials they are made of. 


The Panel


Their primary function: Solar panels are the parts of the system responsible for absorbing light.


What are the components of a solar panel? Solar panels are composed of several smaller pieces. These include: 

  • Solar (photovoltaic) cells: They comprise the majority of the panel. These cells are responsible for converting solar energy into electricity. 
  • Metal frame: Used to protect and support the panel
  • Glass layer: Protects the solar cells from the elements
  • Backsheet: Protects the back of the solar panels


Where are they located? For residential use, they are mounted to the roof. For commercial use, solar panels are mounted to the roof, or may be mounted on the ground depending on the needs of the business. 


What are solar cells made of? The cells (and subsequently the panels) are made from a material called monocrystalline silicon. Monocrystalline silicon is a semiconductor that allows for the conversion of energy. This silicon material is not only very efficient, but it is also durable, allowing panels to last around 25 to 30 years.


The Mounting System


Their primary function: Secure the solar panel to the roof


What are the components of a mounting system? The mounting system is composed of several smaller pieces. These include:

  • Mounting rails: Serve as the base for panel installation
  • Brackets: The system’s mounting points, where the solar panels are placed
  • Clamps: Secure the solar panels to the brackets and mounting rails 


Where are they located? Mounts are drilled into the roof using ground screws and roof hooks (for shingles and tiles.) Anchor bolts are then used to reinforce the mounting structure, keeping it fastened to the roof. Lastly, flashings are implemented to seal any gaps that could allow water to leak into the roof.


What are mounts and brackets made of? Mounts and brackets are made from aluminum, galvanized and stainless steel. These metals are resistant to corrosion and stand up against the elements. 


The Electrical Components


Their primary function: To facilitate the conversion of solar energy into electricity


What makes up the electrical components? The electrical components are composed of several smaller pieces. These include:

  • Solar cells: Since solar cells convert solar energy into electricity, they are also part of the electrical components of a solar panel
  • Junction box: They hold the wires in place, protecting them from outside elements 
  • Connectors: Connect the solar panels to the solar energy system (and connect one another) 


Where are they located? Solar cells are located in panels themselves, while junction boxes and connectors are found at the back of the panel.


What are electrical components made of? As mentioned above, solar cells are made of monocrystalline silicon. Junction boxes are made from plastic or metal, while connectors consist of a metal contact and a plastic housing. Additionally, they are protected with a sheet of polymer film to protect them from water. 


Benefits of Solar Panel Installation


Solar panels are both environmentally friendly and cost effective. Because they can convert sunlight into electricity, they are eco-friendly energy alternatives. 


Plus, they can help homeowners and business owners save on monthly utility bills. Due to their durable design, solar panels can offer long-term savings. Additionally, financial incentives are offered to help offset the cost of solar panel installation.


Need Help Installing Solar Panels? Call Us Today!


Need more information about solar energy? Give us a call! Based in Ocala, Solar Trek has been working with the communities in Florida for over 40 years. Our team of experts provide solar panel installations for residential and commercial properties.


Give us a call at 352-351-1333 to learn more about our solar energy services. For more information about our other services, including equine solar panel installation, visit our website by clicking the link here. 



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